RECA ONLINE

It's a bd online English language learning site where you can learn about grammar along with other rules to learn English easily both for writing and speaking.

Thursday, February 2, 2023

INTRODUCING ENGLISH ALPHABETS WITH PRONUNCIATIONS (ইংরেজি বর্ণমালার পরিচিতি ও উচ্চারণ)

বর্তমান পৃথিবীতে প্রায় সাড়ে চার হাজারেরও বেশী ভাষা রয়েছে যা মানুষ প্রতিনিয়ত তার মনের ভাব প্রকাশ করার জন্য ব্যবহার করছে। আর এই বর্তমান পৃথিবী হচ্ছে একটি বিশ্বায়নের যুগ যা GLOBAL VILLAGE নামেও পরিচিত যেখানে মানুষ তার প্রয়োজনের তাগিদেই বিভিন্ন দেশের মানুষের সাথে কথা বলছে বা যোগাযোগ করছে। আর এই যোগাযোগের মাধ্যম হিসেবে মানুষ যে ভাষাটাকে বেশি প্রাধান্য দেয় তা হচ্ছে ENGLISH LANGUAGE বা ইংরেজি ভাষা। পৃথিবীর প্রায় অর্ধেকেরও বেশি মানুষ ইংরেজি ভাষাটাকে নিয়মিত ব্যবহার করছে। অতএব, আমাদেরকেও এই আধুনেক বিশ্বে টিকে থাকতে হলে ইংরেজি ভাষা শেখার কোন বিকল্প নেই। আর এই ইংরেজি ভাষা শিখতে হলে আমাদের অবশ্যই ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা বা ENGLISH ALPHABETS গুলো ভালোভাবে জানতে হবে এবং এর পাশাপাশি সুন্দর ও সাবলীলভাবে কথা বলার জন্য সঠিক উচ্চারণ জানাও খুবই জরুরি। আর তাই আজকে আমরা এই বিষয় নিয়েই আলোচনা করবো।

ইংরেজি বর্ণমালা বা ALPHABETS হলো মোট ২৬ টি কিন্ত উচ্চারণের জন্য এর SOUND বা ধ্বনি হলো মোট ৪৪ টি। আর এই ৪৪ টা SOUND এর মধ্যে ২০ টি হলো VOWEL SOUND বা স্বরধ্বনি এবং বাকি ২৪ টা হলো CONSONANT SOUND বা ব্যঞ্জনধ্বনি। আবার ২০ টা VOWEL SOUND কে দুই ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে, যার একটি হলো Monopthongs (১২ টি sound) ও দ্বিতীয়টি হলো Dipthongs (৮ টি sound)। ১২ টি Monopthongs এর ভিতর আবার দুইটা ভাগ রয়েছে যার একটি হলো Short Vowel (৭) ও দ্বিতীয়টি হলো Long Vowel (৫)। আর ২৪ টি হলো CONSONANT SOUND কে মোট তিন ভাগে ভাগ করা হয়েছে যথাক্রমে Voiced Sound (৮ টি), Voiceless Sound (৮ টি) ও Others বা অন্যান্য (৮ টি)।

(Remember: English is not phonetically written language)


reca online english alphabets with sound
English Alphabets with Sounds


CLASSIFICATIONS OF VOWEL SOUNDS (20) WITH EXAMPLES:

Monopthongs (Short Sound-7):
  1. /ɪ/ (ই) -  fit /fiːt/, pick /piːk/, difficult /ˈdɪ.fɪ.kəlt/
  2. /e/ (এ) - pet /pet/, sent /sent/, attention /əˈten.ʃən/
  3. /æ/ (এ্যা) - pat /pæt/, flat /flæt/, family /ˈfæ.mə.li/
  4. /ʌ/ (আ) - cut /kʌt/ jump /dʒʌmp/, cover /ˈkʌ.vər/
  5. /ʊ/ (উ) - put /pʊt/, book /bʊk/, cushion /ˈkʊ.ʃən/
  6. /ɒ/ (অ) - pot /pɒt/, dog /dɒg/, hospital /ˈhɒs.pɪ.təl/
  7. /ə/ (SCHWA-আ) - about /əˈbaʊt/, system /ˈsɪs.təm/, complete /kəmˈpliːt/
Monopthongs (Long Sound-5):
  1. /i:/ (ঈ) week /wi:k/, feet /fi:t/, media /ˈmiː.di.jə/
  2. /ɑ:/ (আঃ) - hard /ha:/, park /pa:k/, article /ɑː.tɪ.kəl/
  3. /ɔ:/ (ওঃ) - fork /fɔ:k/, walk /wɔ:k/, August /ɔːˈɡʌst/
  4. /ɜ:/ (আঃ) - heard /hɜ:d/, word /wɜ:d/, surface /ˈsɜː.fɪs/
  5. /u:/ (ঊ) - boot /bu:t/, group /gru:p/, beautiful /ˈbjuː.tɪ.fəl/
Discussing Dipthongs (Double Vowels):
  1. /eɪ/ (এই) - place /pleɪs/, late /leɪt/, dangerous /ˈdeɪn.dʒə.rəs/
  2. /oʊ/ (ওউ) - home /hoʊm/, phone /foʊn/, global /ˈɡloʊ.bəl/
  3. /aʊ/ (আউ) - mouse /maʊs/, brown /braʊn/, accountant /əˈkaʊn.t̬ənt/
  4. /ɪə/ (ইআ) - clear /klɪə/, fear /fɪə/, career /kəˈrɪə/
  5. /eə/ (এ্যাআ) - care /keə/, wear /weə/, declare /dɪˈkleə/
  6. /ɔɪ/ (ওই) - boy /bɔɪ/, toy /tɔɪ/, enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.jə.bəl/
  7. /aɪ/ (আই) - find /faɪnd/, bite /baɪt/, tiger /ˈtaɪ.ɡə/
  8. /ʊə/ (উআ) - tour /tʊə/, pure /pʊə/, mature /məˈtʃʊə/

CLASSIFICATIONS OF CONSONANT SOUNDS (24) WITH EXAMPLES:

Voiceless or Unvoiced Consonant Sounds: এই ধরণের ধ্বনি উচ্চারণের ক্ষেত্রে মুখগহব্বর থেকে কোন ধরনের কম্পন,প্রতিধ্বনি বা শব্দের সৃষ্টি হয় না।
  1. /p/ (ফ্) - pet /pet/, paper /ˈpeɪ.pə/, top /tɒp/
  2. /t/ (ঠ্) - Tim /tɪm/, better /ˈbe.tə/, hot /hɒt/
  3. /ʧ/ (চ্) - choke /ʧoʊk/, watching /wɒ.tʃɪŋ/, catch /kætʃ/
  4. /k/ (খ্) - came /keɪm/, talking /ˈtɔː.kɪŋ/, back /bæk/
  5. /ʃ/ (শ্) - show /ʃoʊ/, pushing /ˈpʊ.ʃɪŋ/, rush /rʌʃ/
  6. /θ/ (থ্) - thin /θɪn/, method /ˈme.θəd/, both /boʊθ/
  7. /s/ (স্) - seal /si:l/, missing /ˈmɪ.sɪŋ/, face /feɪs/
  8. /f/ (ফ) - fine /faɪn/, offer /ˈɒf.ə/, off /ɒf/
Voiced Consonant Sounds: এই ধরণের ধ্বনি উচ্চারণের ক্ষেত্রে মুখগহব্বর থেকে কোন ধরনের কম্পন,প্রতিধ্বনি বা শব্দের সৃষ্টি হয়।
  1. /b/ (ব্) - bet /bet/, trouble /ˈtrʌ.bəl/, rub /rʌb/
  2. /d/ (ড্) - dim /dɪm/, order /ˈɔː.də/, bad /bæd/
  3. /ʤ/ (জ্ব্) - joke /ʤoʊk/, damage /ˈdæ.mɪdʒ/, large /lɑːdʒ/
  4. /g/ (গ্) - game /geɪm/, bigger /ˈbɪ.gə/, bag /bæg/
  5. /v/ (ভ্) - vine /vaɪn/, saving /ˈseɪ.vɪŋ/, of /ɒv/
  6. /ð/ (দ্) - then /ðen/, other /ˈʌ.ðə/, with /wɪð/
  7. /z/ (য্) - zeal /zi:l/, crazy /ˈkreɪ.zi/, phase /feɪz/
  8. /ʒ/ (শা্+ঝ্) - measure /ˈme.ʒə/, vision /ˈvɪ.ʒən/, asia /ˈeɪ.ʒə/

কিছু কিছু Consonant Pair আছে যা উচ্চারণের ক্ষেত্রে দুইটা Sound উচ্চারিত হয়। যার একটি Sound হয় Voiced আর অন্যটি হয় Unvoiced। যেমন,
  1. /m/ (ম্) - mail /meɪl/, humour /ˈhjuː.mə/, some /sʌm/
  2. /n/ (ন্) - nail /neɪl/, funny /ˈfʌ.ni/, fine /faɪn/
  3. /ŋ/ (ইং, ঙ) - sing /sɪŋ/, singer /ˈsɪ.ŋə/
  4. /h/ (হ্) - heal /hi:l/, perhaps /pəˈhæps/
  5. /l/ (ল্) - love /lʌv/, follow /ˈfɒː.loʊ/, well /wel/
  6. /r/ (র্) - real /ri:l/, correct /kəˈrekt/
  7. /j/ (ই) - you /ju:/, beyond /biˈjɒnd/
  8. /w/ (ও) - we /wi/, showing /ˈʃoʊ.wɪŋ/

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Tuesday, October 27, 2020

Basic Ideas of Verbs

 

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Every language in the present world is to be consisted on the basis of Verb. That's why Verb is called the soul of the language. Verbs are usually used of kinds in sentences. Such as;

1. Principal Verb: This type of verb is used as the main verb or action of the sentence.

2. Auxiliary Verb: This type of verb is used as the secondary verb or action of the main verb of the sentence. There are different kinds of Auxiliary Verbs used in different kinds of sentences. Such as;

To do: Do/does/did

To be: Am/is/are/was/were

To have: Have/has/had

Modals: Shall/should/can/could/will/would/may/might/ought to/must etc.

Semi Modals: Need/dare

Do/Does:

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to do something at present. Such as;

I do this work.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but it helps the main verb to make meaningful sentence (Negative & Interrogative sentences). Such as;

I do not do this work anymore.

Do you go to school?

Did:

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to do something in the past. Such as;

I did this work.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but it helps the main verb to make meaningful sentence (Negative & Interrogative sentences). Such as;

I did not do this work anymore.

Did you go to school yesterday?

Am/Is/Are/:

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to be something/someone at present. Such as;

I am a student of RECA ONLINE.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but used in Present Continuous Tense before main Verb (ing) and in Passive Voice. Such as;

I am going to school right now.

The work is done by me/The work is being done by me.

Was/Were:

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to be something/someone in the past. Such as;

I was a student of RECA ONLINE.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but used in Past Continuous Tense before main Verb (ing) and in Passive Voice. Such as;

I was going to school right now.

The work was done by me/The work was being done by me.

Have/Has: 

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to have something/someone at present. Such as;

I have a car.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but used in Present Perfect Tense before main Verb (Past Participle Form) and in Passive Voice. Such as;

I have become an English teacher of RECA ONLINE.

He has been made the chairman of the RECA Language Club.

Had: 

As a Principal Verb: It means the action to have something/someone in the past. Such as;

I had a car.

As an Auxiliary Verb: It means no direct sense but used in Past Perfect Tense before main Verb (Past Participle Form) and in Passive Voice. Such as;

I had become an English teacher of RECA ONLINE.

He had been made the chairman of the RECA Language Club.

Can/May:

Can: It is usually used to indicate the ability of something/someone. Such as;

I can do this work.

May: It is usually used to indicate the possibility of something/someone and the permission of someone. Such as;

I may do this work.

You may go now.

Shall/Will: It means the action to do in future. Such as;

I shall go to London for my higher study.

He will go for work.

Could/Might/Would: It indicates to do something imaginary. Such as;

I wish I could be there with you.

I might make this on time.

Should/Ought to: It indicates something worthy or reasonable or advisable to do. Such as;

You should help the poor.

We ought to help each other.

Used to: It indicates the habit of something/someone to do usually in the past. Such as,

I used to play football.

Sunday, October 25, 2020

A Journey by Bus or Train

A composition: A Journey You Have Made/A Journey by Bus/A Journey by Train


recaonline.blogspot.com
Sitakunda Tour - 2020

Journeys are always adventurous and dreamy to me. It gives me the real pleasure. It always gives me some opportunities to discover something new and unknown facts. It keeps my mind fresh and festive out of this modern busy life. So, whenever I get an opportunity to make a journey, my heart just fills up with joys. Fortunately, I got an opportunity to make a journey by bus/train from Dhaka to Chattagram in the last summer vacation with my friends.

On the day of 1st June in this year, I and some of my friends reached the station/bus stand at 6 am. We bought the tickets for Chattagram and then started waiting for our train/bus. The bus/train reached on time. So we got into the bus/train and our journey finally began. We became so excited that we started chilling and yelling. My psyche started leaping in excitement. All of my friends also started sharing their feelings with each other.

Luckily, I got seat by the window. The seats of the bus/train were very comfortable. Our train started moving slowly at the beginning. But after a while, it started moving fast. We I always kept my eyes on the nature through the window. I started noticing that the train was moving ahead but leaving other things outside behind. The nature was looking so mesmerizing. We all enjoyed the beauty of green fields, the rivers, the birds and countryside. I could not close eyes for a single moment. We brought some snacks with us to enjoy the moment more.

We reached our destination after a very long journey. We were kind of tired when we got down from the train/bus. So we decided to take some rest in our hotel room. After taking rest, we went to Sitakunda and got fascinated by the beauty of it. We got charmed with the beauty of hills and lush green surroundings. We ascended the famous hill called Chandranath Hill and visited the temple on top of it. We also visited the sea beach.

The journey was really enjoyable and pleasing to us. I enjoyed every part of it. This journey will be one of the most memorable journeys in my life forever.

A letter on How to develop or improve English

 


Question: You have a younger cousin called Mansur who is learning English. She wants to know about how to get better/develop/improve in English. Now, write a letter to your sister giving some hints on how to get better/develop/improve in English.

Answer:

Dhanbari, Tangail

25th October, 2020

Dear Mansur,

I hope that your quite well by the grace of Almighty. I have got your letter recently and got to know that you are learning English. In your letter, you've requested me to give some advices on how to improve English. Now, I am going to write about it.

If you want to have a good command in English, you need to learn grammar rules and enrich your vocabularies. Grammar will help you to write English correctly and vocabularies will help you to use the correct words. Then you have to practice regularly to be fluent. Remember, fluency only depends on your practice. Nowadays, fluency has become kind of mandatory to get a good job. You can also write English pages regularly to develop your writing skills. To develop your listening skills, you can listen to radio, TV, music and watch English movies etc. Last of all, you need to read English books, newspapers, magazines etc. which will make easier to learn English.

No more today. With the best regards to your parents and love to all.

Yours ever

Ratul

A letter on asking father for some money

 

recaonline.blogspot.com

Question: Suppose, you have been promoted to class IX and you will have to buy some new books for your new class. So, you need some money in this regard. Now, write a letter to your father for sending some money.

Answer:

Adamjee Cantonment Public School

Narayanganj

December 31, 2019

My dear father,

I hope that you are well and healthy by the grace of Almighty. I am also fine. You have already known that my JSC result has been published recently and I have got GPA-5. So, now I have been promoted to class IX. All the teachers of our school praised me highly for my result. My teachers have also suggested me some books to study for a better preparation of SSC exam. Those suggested books will cost 1000tk. Please send me the money soon.

No more today. Please take care of you and mom.

Your loving son/daughter

Ahsan/Afsana


Saturday, October 24, 2020

A paragraph on How to be a Good Student

 

reca online: paragraph writings

A good student is an asset of a school. Everybody wants to be a good student but very few attain it. A student should have followed some instructions to become a good student. Firstly be should attend his classes regularly. This will help to know the daily lessons of the class. Then he should be punctual to his duties. Punctuality is the pre-condition to become a good student. Next he should prepare his lessons well. If he does not understand his lessons himself he should take help of others. Finally he should possess some qualities in him. Honesty, sincerity, cordiality, industrious, intelligence, dutiful etc. are some qualities. By following the above instructions a student can be a good student.

A letter on The Importance of Learning English

 

reca online

Question: Suppose, you have a friend called Ahsan Ali who is not much aware of learning English. Now, write a letter to your friend about the importance of learning English.

Answer:

Dargha Road, Sylhet

15th February, 2020

Dear Ahsan Ali,

I hope that you all are well by the grace of Almighty. I've just come to know that you are not much aware of learning English. Now, I am going to write something about the importance of learning English.

You already know that English is an international language. It is the most spoken official language in the world. It is the primary language used in international affairs. English is now typically the language of every latest software and program. Even in higher education, English is mostly used. If you want to get a good job for your career, you have to know English language. As you know the world is in the age of globalization, so you must know English for global trade and commerce. In a nut shell, you should practice English to keep pace with this modern world.

No more today. Convey my best regards to your parents and love to your youngers.

Yours ever

Habib


A letter on Brilliant Success in the Exam

 

RECA ONLINE

Question: Suppose, you are Jason. Your friend Sam made a good result in the last annual exam. Now, write a letter to your friend congratulating him on his brilliant success.

Answer:

6/A Dhanmondi, Dhaka

1st Janauary, 2019

Dear Sam,

Hope you are all well and I am also well. I got your letter yesterday. I was really excited to know that you stood first in the annual exam. Please take my hearty congratulation on your brilliant success. You are really worthy of it and we are so much proud of you. My parents are also glad to know your result. I also believe that you will do the same result in your future and make your career brighter. I will be very happy if you come to our house soon.

No more today. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your youngers.

Your loving friend

Jason


A letter on Bad Effect of Smoking

 

reca online

Question: Suppose, you have a  younger brother who has become a smoker recently. You know smoking is a bad habit and it causes serious diseases. Now, write a letter to your friend describing about the bad effect of smoking.

Answer:

Jamalpur

10th March, 2020

Dear Max,

It is a very long since you wrote to me but hope you are doing great. I was planning to write this letter earlier but I was busy. I wish I could meet you face to face. But I request you to come and meet me soon. However, it is truly shocking to know that you have become a chain smoker. I know you are quite sensible and learned. So, I think you could easily realize the drastic effect of smoking. It damages our lungs, brains and causes cancer, heart attack etc. Besides, it sometimes drives a smoker to committing suicide. I will be glad if you give up smoking and start a new life.

No more today. Please write to me as soon as possible.

Yours ever

John

Thursday, October 22, 2020

Application for a Testimonial

 

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Question: Suppose, you are a student of a famous school but you want to get admitted into another one. So, you need a testimonial from your school. Now, write a letter to Headmaster/Principal of your school for a testimonial.

Answer:

The Headmaster/Principal

Jamalpur Zilla School

Jamalpur

Subject: For a testimonial

Sir,

I beg most respectfully to state that I am a student of your school of class VIII. I have been studying here for three years. I have got a brilliant result in the annual examination. I have recently got a chance to get admitted into Rajshahi Cadet School, Rajshahi. So, I am badly in need of a testimonial regarding my results and character.

I therefore, pray and hope that you would be kind enough to grant me a testimonial and oblige thereby.

I remain

Sir

Your most obedient pupil

Sheikh Karim

Class: VIII